Grammar Reference

不管怎样说

Emphasis

• 不管怎样说，你这么做就是不对的。 Bùguǎnzěnyàng shuō, nǐ zhème zuò jiùshì bùduì de. Say what you will, doing this was simply wrong.
• 不管怎样说，这事总算办成了。 Bùguǎnzěnyàng shuō, zhè shì zǒngsuàn bàn chéngle. Say what you will, the matter got done in the end.

看你X的/瞧他X的

看你X的/瞧他X的 · 看你X的 (de)/瞧他X的 (de)

• 看你说的，我哪有那么能干？ Kàn nǐ shuō de, wǒ nǎ yǒu nàme nénggàn? Listen to you — I'm hardly that capable!
• 甲：他说他这次准考第一。 Jiǎ: tā shuō tā zhè cì zhǔn kǎo dìyī. A: He says he's sure to place first this time.

真有你/他/她的

Emphasis · 真有你/他 (tā)/她的

• 真有你的！电脑你也会修？ Zhēnyǒunǐde! Diànnǎo nǐ yě huì xiū? You're really something! You can fix computers too?
• 这么难的事情他都有办法，真有他的！ Zhème nán de shìqing tā dōu yǒubànfǎ, zhēn yǒu tā de! Even something this hard he has a solution for — he really is something!

X什么X

X什么X · X什么 (shénme)X

• 看什么看，再看就迟到了！ Kàn shénme kàn, zài kàn jiù chídào le! What are you looking at? Keep looking and you'll be late!
• 吃什么吃，再吃就胖死了！ Chī shénme chī, zài chī jiù pàng sǐ le! Eat, eat — keep it up and you'll be fat to death!

什么X不X（的）

什么X不X（的） · 什么 (shénme)X不 (bù)X（的 (de)）

• 什么钱不钱的，你这话说的太客气了。 Shénme qián bù qián de, nǐ zhè huàshuō de tài kèqi le. Money, no money — you're being far too polite.
• 什么麻烦不麻烦，我们之间不用这么客气。 Shénme máfan bù máfan, wǒmen zhījiān bùyòng zhème kèqi. Forget about trouble — between us there's no need for such politeness.

用代词复指

Clause group

• 这个小伙子是我们学校的英国留学生。传来中国之前，在英国学过一点儿中文，他觉得中文很有意思。去年公司派他来中国学习中文，现在还想让他留在中国工作。 Zhège xiǎohuǒzi shì wǒmen xuéxiào de yīngguó liúxuéshēng. Chuánlái zhōngguó zhīqián, zài yīngguó xué guò yìdiǎnr zhōngwén, tā juéde zhōngwén hěn yǒuyìsi. Qùnián gōngsī pài tā lái zhōngguó xuéxí zhōngwén, xiànzài hái xiǎng ràng tā liú zài zhōngguó gōngzuò. This young man is a British student at our school. Before coming to China he had studied a little Chinese in Britain, finding it fascinating. Last year his company sent him to China to study Chinese, and now it wants him to stay and work in China.
• 网络对我们的生活越来越重要。它随时告诉我们每天世界各地发生的新闻，很多人不出门就能通过它买东西、跟朋友交流，它让生活变得越来越方便。 Wǎngluò duì wǒmen de shēnghuó yuèláiyuè zhòngyào. Tā suíshí gàosù wǒmen měitiān shìjiègèdì fāshēng de xīnwén, hěn duō rén bù chūmén jiù néng tōngguò tā mǎidōngxi, gēn péngyou jiāoliú, tā ràng shēnghuó biànde yuèláiyuè fāngbiàn. The internet matters more and more to our lives. It tells us at any moment the day's news from around the world; many people shop and talk with friends through it without leaving home — it makes life ever more convenient.

带省略成分

Clause group

• （我）决定出国留学，我不得不和父母告别，想到以后再也没有人保护我、关心我，（我）心里有些担心。离开家乡的那一天，亲人们都来机场送我，（我）带着他们的祝福和希望，我登上了前往北京的航班，开始了我的留学生活。 ( wǒ) juédìng chūguó liúxué, wǒ bùdébù hé fùmǔ gàobié, xiǎngdào yǐhòu zàiyě méiyǒu rén bǎohù wǒ, guānxīn wǒ, ( wǒ) xīnli yǒuxiē dānxīn. Líkāi jiāxiāng de nà yì tiān, qīnrén men dōu lái jīchǎng sòng wǒ, ( wǒ) dài zhe tāmen de zhùfú hé xīwàng, wǒ dēngshàng le qiánwǎng běijīng de hángbān, kāishǐ le wǒ de liúxué shēnghuó. (I) decided to study abroad, and had to say farewell to my parents; thinking that no one would protect and care for me anymore, (I) felt somewhat worried. The day I left home, my dear ones all came to the airport to see me off. Carrying their blessings and hopes, I boarded the flight to Beijing and began my life as a student abroad.
• 世界上任何事物都永远在运动、变化、发展，语言也是。语言的变化，包括语音、词汇和语法，短时间内不容易发现（这些变化），日子长了就表现出来了。 Shìjiè shàng rènhé shìwù dōu yǒngyuǎn zài yùndòng, biànhuà, fāzhǎn, yǔyán yě shì. Yǔyán de biànhuà, bāokuò yǔyīn, cíhuì hé yǔfǎ, duǎnshíjiān nèi bù róngyì fāxiàn ( zhèxiē biànhuà) , rìzi zhǎng le jiù biǎoxiàn chūlái le. Everything in the world is forever moving, changing and developing — language included. Changes in language, covering pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, are not easy to notice in a short time, but over the years they show themselves.

超-、多-、反-、无-、亚-、准

Morpheme / prefix-like morpheme · 超 (chāo)-、多 (duō)-、反 (fǎn)-、无-、亚-、准

-化、-式、-型、-性

Morpheme / suffix-like morpheme · -化 (huā)、-式 (shì)、-型 (xíng)、-性

指示代词：本、此

Demonstrative pronoun · 指示代词 (zhǐshìdàicí)(本 (běn)/此 (cǐ))

指示代词：本/此

名量词：餐、串、滴、副、股、集、枝

Noun+classifier · 名量词 (míngliàngcí)：餐 (cān)、串 (chuàn)、滴、副、股、集、枝

名量词：餐、串、滴、副、股、集、枝

• 这串项链是丈夫送给我的订婚礼物。 Zhè chuàn xiàngliàn shì zhàngfu sònggěi wǒ de dìnghūn lǐwù. This necklace is the engagement gift my husband gave me.
• 你试试往碗里加几滴醋，说不定味道会更好。 Nǐ shì shì wǎng wǎn lǐjiā jǐ dī cù, shuōbudìng wèidao huì gèng hǎo. Try adding a few drops of vinegar to the bowl — it may taste even better.
• 下班回家的路上，妈妈买了几枝玫瑰花。 Xiàbān huíjiā de lùshang, māma mǎi le jǐ zhī méiguīhuā. On her way home from work, Mom bought a few roses.
• 听了他的话，我心里就像打开了一扇窗，突然亮了。 Tīng le tā dehuà, wǒ xīnli jiù xiàng dǎkāi le yì shàn chuāng, tūrán liàng le. At his words, it was as if a window opened in my heart — everything suddenly brightened.

动量词：番、声、趟

Verb+classifier · 动量词 (dòngliàngcí)(番 (fān)/声 (shēng)/趟)

动量词：番/声/趟

• 经过一番激烈的争论，我们最终达成了一致。 Jīngguò yì fān jīliè de zhēnglùn, wǒmen zuìzhōng dáchéng le yízhì. After a heated debate, we finally reached agreement.

程度副词：特、异常

Degree adverb · 程度副词(特 (tè)/异常 (yìcháng))

程度副词：特/异常

• 他特高兴，因为他的设计获奖了。 Tā tè gāoxìng, yīnwèi tā de shèjì huòjiǎng le. He is especially happy because his design won a prize.
• 今天天气异常寒冷。 Jīntiān tiānqì yìcháng hánlěng. The weather is unusually cold today.
• 听说我获得了奖学金，同学们都特羡慕。 Tīngshuō wǒ huòdé le jiǎngxuéjīn, tóngxué men dōu tè xiànmù. When they heard I'd won a scholarship, all my classmates were green with envy.
• 相声是一种幽默的艺术，特有意思。 Xiàngsheng shì yìzhǒng yōumò de yìshù, tèyǒu yìsi. Crosstalk is a humorous art — great fun.

范围、协同副词：尽、净、一齐、一同

Scope/collective adverb · 范围 (fànwéi)、协同副词(尽 (jǐn)/净 (jìng)/一齐/一同)

范围、协同副词：尽/净/一齐/一同

• 刚上班，分配给我的尽是些基础工作。 Gāng shàngbān, fēnpèi gěi wǒ de jìnshì xiē jīchǔ gōngzuò. Having just started the job, I was assigned nothing but basic tasks.
• 这里净是垃圾，都没地方站。 Zhèlǐ jìng shì lājī, dōu méi dìfāng zhàn. There's nothing but trash here — nowhere even to stand.
• 我们净忙着说话，甚至忘了给客人倒茶。 Wǒmen jìng mángzhe shuōhuà, shènzhì wàng le gěi kèrén dào chá. We were so busy talking that we even forgot to pour tea for the guest.
• 那位老师的书房里净是外文书。 Nà wèi lǎoshī de shūfáng lǐ jìng shì wài wénshū. That teacher's study is full of foreign-language books.

范围副词

时间副词：时时、一时、早晚

Time adverb · 时间副词(时时 (shíshí)/一时 (yìshí)/早晚 (zǎowǎn))

时间副词：时时/一时/早晚

• 老师时时关注着我们的学习。 Lǎoshī shíshí guānzhù zhe wǒmen de xuéxí. The teacher keeps a constant eye on our studies.
• 我好像在哪儿见过他，可一时又想不起来了。 Wǒ hǎoxiàng zài nǎr jiàn guò tā, kě yìshí yòu xiǎng bù qǐlai le. I seem to have seen him somewhere, but can't think where just now.
• 他一时紧张，忘记要说什么了。 Tā yìshí jǐnzhāng, wàngjì yàoshuō shénme le. He got nervous for a moment and forgot what he was going to say.
• 面对眼前的比赛结果，人们一时难以接受。 Miànduì yǎnqián de bǐsài jiēguǒ, rénmen yìshí nányǐ jiēshòu. Facing the result before them, people could not accept it for a while.

关联副词：便

Linking adverb · 关联副词(便 (biàn))

关联副词：便

• 他一下课便回家了。 Tā yíxià kè biàn huíjiā le. He went home as soon as class was over.
• 他一毕业便决定回国。 Tā yí bìyè biàn juédìng huíguó. He decided to return home as soon as he graduated.

方式副词：不禁、赶忙、亲眼、特地、特意

Manner adverb · 方式副词：不禁 (bùjīn)、赶忙 (gǎnmáng)、亲眼 (qīnyǎn)、特地、特意

方式副词：不禁、赶忙、亲眼、特地、特意

• 我不禁回忆起第一次跟她见面的场景。 Wǒ bùjīn huíyì qǐ dìyīcì gēn tā jiànmiàn de chǎngjǐng. I couldn't help recalling the scene of our first meeting.
• 要迟到了，他赶忙出门，早饭都没吃。 Yào chídào le, tā gǎnmáng chūmén, zǎofàn dōu méi chī. About to be late, he rushed out the door without even eating breakfast.
• 听到这可怕的消息，我的心不禁凉了。 Tīngdào zhè kěpà de xiāoxi, wǒ de xīn bùjīn liáng le. At this terrible news, my heart could not help going cold.
• 听完她的演讲，大家不禁鼓起掌来。 Tīng wán tā de yǎnjiǎng, dàjiā bùjīn gǔqǐ zhǎng lái. When her speech ended, the audience burst into applause.

情态副词：仿佛

Modal adverb · 情态副词(仿佛 (fǎngfú))

情态副词：仿佛

• 奶奶仿佛孩子似的开心地笑了。 Nǎinai fǎngfú háizi shìde kāixīn de xiào le. Grandma smiled with delight like a child.
• 他工作起来仿佛不知道什么是累。 Tā gōngzuò qǐlai fǎngfú bù zhīdào shénme shì lèi. When he works, he seems to know no such thing as tiredness.

语气副词：才、刚好、偏、恰好

Modal-particle adverb · 语气副词(才 (cái)/刚好 (gānghǎo)/偏 (piān)/恰好)

语气副词：才/刚好/偏/恰好

• 我才不要父母的钱呢，我要自己赚钱。 Wǒ cái bùyào fùmǔ de qián ne, wǒ yào zìjǐ zhuànqián. I want none of my parents' money — I'll earn my own.
• 我要出门找他的时候他刚好回来了。 Wǒ yào chūmén zhǎo tā de shíhou tā gānghǎo huílai le. Just as I was going out to look for him, he happened to come back.
• 婚礼那天恰好是新娘的生日。 Hūnlǐ nàtiān qiàhǎo shì xīnniáng de shēngrì. The wedding day happened to be the bride's birthday.
• 下周六我恰好有时间，咱们可以一起去爬山。 Xià zhōuliù wǒ qiàhǎo yǒu shíjiān, zánmen kěyǐ yìqǐ qù páshān. I happen to be free next Saturday; we can go hiking together.

于

Word class / preposition · 于 (yú)

• 他出生于1995年。 Tā chūshēng yú 1995 nián. He was born in 1995.
• 大熊猫主要生活于中国西南地区。 Dàxióngmāo zhǔyào shēnghuó yú zhōngguó xīnán dìqū. Giant pandas live mainly in southwest China.