GRAMMAR · HSK 1–9

Grammar Reference

Every HSK grammar point in one place — filter by level, browse by category, see it used in real sentences.

547 grammar points · page 1/28

HSK 1 Word class · noun Lesson

方位名词:上、下、里、外、前、后、左、右、东、南、西、北;上边、下边、里边、外边、前边、后边、左边、右边、东边、南边、西边、北边

Positional noun · 方位名词:上 (shàng)、下 (xià)、里 (lǐ)、外、前、后、左、右、东、南、西、北;上边、下边、里边、外边、前边、后边、左边、右边、东边、南边、西边、北边

方位名词:上、下、里、外、前、后、左、右、东、南、西、北;上边、下边、里边、外边、前边、后边、左边、右边、东边、南边、西边、北边

  • 书在桌子上。 Shū zài zhuōzi shàng. The book is on the table.
  • 手机在书包里。 Shǒujī zài shūbāo lǐ. The phone is in the schoolbag.
  • 桌子上有几本书? Zhuōzi shàng yǒu jǐ běn shū? How many books are on the table?
  • 书店里的人很多。 Shūdiàn lǐ de rén hěn duō. There are a lot of people in the bookstore.
HSK 1 Word class · verb ⚠ EN trap Lesson

能愿动词:会、能

⚠ English trap English “can” covers skill, possibility and permission. Chinese splits them: 会 = learned skill (会说中文), 能 = circumstance/permission (今天不能走).

Learned it? 会. Allowed/possible? 能.

Modal verb · 能愿动词 (néngyuàndòngcí)(会 (huì)/能 (néng))

能愿动词:会/能

  • 我不会说中文。 Wǒ bùhuì shuō zhōngwén. I can't speak Chinese.
  • 明天你能来吗? Míngtiān nǐ néng lái ma? Can you come tomorrow?
  • 我会说中文。 Wǒ huì shuō zhōngwén. I can speak Chinese.
  • 他不会开车。 Tā bùhuì kāichē. He can't drive.
HSK 1 Word class · verb ⚠ EN trap Lesson

能愿动词:想、要

⚠ English trap English “want/will” merges desire and plan. Chinese splits 想 (want to) vs 要 (want / definitely will) — 我不想去 vs 我不去 change meaning.

Desire = 想; intention/certainty = 要.

Modal verb · 能愿动词 (néngyuàndòngcí)(想 (xiǎng)/要 (yào))

能愿动词:想/要

  • 我想学中文。 Wǒ xiǎng xué zhōngwén. I want to learn Chinese.
  • 他要去书店。 Tā yào qù shūdiàn. He is going to the bookstore.
  • 我想买一些水果。 Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yìxiē shuǐguǒ. I'd like to buy some fruit.
  • 你想喝茶吗? Nǐ xiǎng hēchá ma? Would you like some tea?
HSK 1 Word class · pronoun Lesson

疑问代词:多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么

Question pronoun · 疑问代词 (yíwèndàicí):多 (duō)、多少 (duōshǎo)、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么

疑问代词:多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么

  • 他多大? Tā duōdà? How old is he?
  • 你们班有多少个学生? Nǐmen bān yǒu duōshǎo gè xuésheng? How many students are there in your class?
  • 你弟弟多大? Nǐ dìdi duōdà? How old is your younger brother?
  • 这件衣服多少钱? Zhè jiàn yìfu duōshǎo qián? How much is this piece of clothing?
HSK 1 Word class · pronoun Lesson

人称代词:我、你、您、他、她、我们、你们、他们、她们

Personal pronoun · 人称代词 (rénchēngdàicí):我 (wǒ)、你 (nǐ)、您、他、她、我们、你们、他们、她们

人称代词:我、你、您、他、她、我们、你们、他们、她们

  • 你好,我要两个本子。 Nǐhǎo, wǒ yào liǎng gè běnzi. Hello, I'd like two notebooks.
  • 您好! Nín hǎo! Hello! (polite)
  • 我是学生。 Wǒ shì xuésheng. I am a student.
  • 你是哪国人? Nǐ shì nǎ guórén? What nationality are you?
HSK 1 Word class · pronoun Lesson

指示代词:这、那、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、别的、有的

Demonstrative pronoun · 指示代词 (zhǐshìdàicí):这 (zhè)、那 (nǎ)、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、别的、有的

指示代词:这、那、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、别的、有的

  • 这是谁的手机? Zhè shì shuí de shǒujī? Whose phone is this?
  • 她喜欢那个书包。 Tā xǐhuan nàge shūbāo. She likes that schoolbag.
  • 这是谁的书? Zhè shì shuí de shū? Whose book is this?
  • 那个手机多少钱? Nàge shǒujī duōshǎo qián? How much is that phone?
HSK 1 Word class · numeral ⚠ EN trap Lesson

一、二/两、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、零;十、百;半

⚠ English trap English “two” is one word. Chinese uses 两 before measure words (两个人) and 二 in counting/phone numbers (二〇二六) — saying 二个人 is a classic error.

Counting digits → 二; quantity + measure word → 两.

Word class / numeral · 一 (yī)、二 (èr)/两 (liǎng)、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、零;十、百;半

HSK 1 Word class · classifier ⚠ EN trap Lesson

名量词:杯、本、个、家、间、口、块、页

⚠ English trap English says “three books”. Chinese needs the measure word: 三本书. Dropping it (三书) is the #1 beginner giveaway.

Numeral + measure word + noun, every time.

Noun+classifier · 名量词 (míngliàngcí):杯 (bēi)、本 (běn)、个、家、间、口、块、页

名量词:杯、本、个、家、间、口、块、页

  • 这本书是中文书。 Zhè běn shū shì zhōng wénshū. This book is a Chinese book.
  • 我吃了两个包子。 Wǒ chī le liǎng gè bāozi. I ate two baozi.
  • 前边有一家书店。 Qiánbian yǒu yìjiā shūdiàn. There is a bookstore up ahead.
  • 你家有几口人? Nǐ jiā yǒu jǐ kǒu rén? How many people are there in your family?
HSK 1 Word class · adverb Lesson

程度副词:非常、很、太、真、最

Degree adverb · 程度副词(非常 (fēicháng)/很 (hěn)/太 (tài)/真/最)

程度副词:非常/很/太/真/最

  • 我非常喜欢这本书。 Wǒ fēicháng xǐhuan zhè běn shū. I like this book very much.
  • 那个本子很好看。 Nàge běnzi hěn hǎokàn. That notebook is very pretty.
  • 我非常喜欢学中文。 Wǒ fēicháng xǐhuan xué zhōngwén. I love learning Chinese.
  • 这里的水果很便宜。 Zhèlǐ de shuǐguǒ hěn biànyí. Fruit is very cheap here.
HSK 1 Word class · adverb Lesson

范围、协同副词:都、一块儿、一起

Scope/collective adverb · 范围 (fànwéi)、协同副词(都 (dōu)/一块儿 (yíkuàir)/一起)

范围、协同副词:都/一块儿/一起

  • 同学们都很认真。 Tóngxué men dōu hěn rènzhēn. The students are all very serious about it.
  • 我们常一块儿玩儿。 Wǒmen cháng yíkuàir wánr. We often hang out together.
  • 我们都学习汉语。 Wǒmen dōu xuéxí hànyǔ. We all study Chinese.
  • 他们都是中国学生。 Tāmen dōu shì zhōngguó xuésheng. They are all Chinese students.

范围副词

HSK 1 Word class · adverb Lesson

时间副词:马上、先、有时、在、正、正在

Time adverb · 时间副词:马上 (mǎshàng)、先 (xiān)、有时 (yǒushí)、在、正、正在

时间副词:马上、先、有时、在、正、正在

  • 医生马上来。 Yìshēng mǎshàng lái. The doctor will come right away.
  • 老师,我先说吧。 Lǎoshī, wǒ xiān shuō ba. Teacher, let me speak first.
  • 他们在做什么? Tāmen zài zuò shénme? What are they doing?
  • 学生们正在上课。 Xuésheng men zhèngzài shàngkè. The students are having class.
HSK 1 Word class · adverb Lesson

频率、重复副词:常、常常、再

Frequency/repetitive adverb · 频率 (pínlǜ)、重复副词(常 (cháng)/常常 (chángcháng)/再)

频率、重复副词:常/常常/再

  • 他常去饭店吃饭。 Tā cháng qù fàndiàn chīfàn. He often eats at restaurants.
  • 她常常不吃早饭。 Tā chángcháng bù chī zǎofàn. She often skips breakfast.
  • 我想再买一本。 Wǒ xiǎng zài mǎi yì běn. I want to buy another copy.
  • 我再问一个问题,可以吗? Wǒ zài wèn yìge wèntí, kěyǐ ma? May I ask one more question?

频率副词

HSK 1 Word class · adverb Lesson

关联副词:还、也

Linking adverb · 关联副词(还 (hái)/也 (yě))

关联副词:还/也

  • 他要去上海,还要去北京。 Tā yào qù shànghǎi, hái yào qù běijīng. He is going to Shanghai, and to Beijing as well.
  • 他是学生,我也是学生。 Tā shì xuésheng, wǒ yě shì xuésheng. He is a student, and I am a student too.
  • 我想吃面条儿,还想吃包子。 Wǒ xiǎng chī miàntiáor, hái xiǎng chī bāozi. I'd like noodles — and baozi as well.
  • 我有两个姐姐,还有一个哥哥。 Wǒ yǒu liǎng gè jiějie, háiyǒu yìge gēge. I have two older sisters and an older brother.
HSK 1 Word class · adverb Lesson

否定副词:另、不、没、没有

Negative adverb · 否定副词(另 (lìng)/不 (bù)/没 (méi)/没有)

否定副词:另/不/没/没有

  • 你别进来。 Nǐ bié jìnlái. Don't come in.
  • 今天不热。 Jīntiān bú rè. It isn't hot today.
  • 她不是老师。 Tā bú shì lǎoshī. She is not a teacher.
  • 我没看电视。 Wǒ méi kàn diànshì. I didn't watch TV.
HSK 1 Word class · preposition Lesson

从

From · 从 (cóng)

  • 我们从星期一到星期五工作。 Wǒmen cóng xīngqīyī dào xīngqīwǔ gōngzuò. We work from Monday to Friday.
  • 你从哪儿来? Nǐ cóng nǎr lái? Where are you from?
HSK 1 Word class · preposition Lesson

在

At / in · 在 (zài)

  • 哥哥在北京学中文。 Gēge zài běijīng xué zhōngwén. Older brother is studying Chinese in Beijing.
  • 他在手机上看电影。 Tā zài shǒujī shàng kàn diànyǐng. He watches movies on his phone.
HSK 1 Word class · preposition Lesson

跟、和

With / and · 跟 (gēn)、和 (hé)

  • 他跟老师请假了。 Tā gēn lǎoshī qǐngjià le. He asked the teacher for leave.
  • 我没和姐姐一起去中国。 Wǒ méi hé jiějie yìqǐ qù zhōngguó. I didn't go to China with my sister.
HSK 1 Word class · preposition ⚠ EN trap Lesson

比

⚠ English trap English “more than / taller than” puts the adjective after the standard. Chinese 比 reverses it: 他比我高 — and learners insert 是 or 很 (他是很高 ✗).

A + 比 + B + adjective. No 是, no 很 (use 得多/多了 for “much”).

Than (comparison) · 比 (bǐ)

  • 哥哥比弟弟高。 Gēge bǐ dìdi gāo. The older brother is taller than the younger one.
  • 这个房间比那个房间大。 Zhège fángjiān bǐ nàge fángjiān dà. This room is bigger than that one.
HSK 1 Word class · conjunction Lesson

连接词或短语:跟、还是、和

Word class / conjunction · 连接词或短语(跟 (gēn)/还是 (háishi)/和 (hé))

  • 爸爸跟妈妈都不在家。 Bàba gēn māma dōu bú zàijiā. Neither Dad nor Mom is home.
  • 你喝茶还是喝水? Nǐ hēchá háishi hē shuǐ? Do you drink tea or water?
  • 我和姐姐都喜欢唱歌。 Wǒ hé jiějie dōu xǐhuan chànggē. My sister and I both like singing.
  • 今天和明天都下雨。 Jīntiān hé míngtiān dōu xiàyǔ. It will rain both today and tomorrow.

连接词语或短语

HSK 1 Word class · particle Lesson

结构助词:的、地

Structural particle · 结构助词 (jiégòuzhùcí)(的 (de)/地 (de))

结构助词:的/地

  • 你的衣服很好看。 Nǐ de yìfu hěn hǎokàn. Your clothes look very nice.
  • 这是你的手机吗? Zhè shì nǐ de shǒujī ma? Is this your phone?
  • 她是我的好朋友。 Tā shì wǒ de hǎopéngyou. She is my good friend.
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