HSK 1
Word class · noun
Lesson
方位名词:上、下、里、外、前、后、左、右、东、南、西、北;上边、下边、里边、外边、前边、后边、左边、右边、东边、南边、西边、北边
Positional noun · 方位名词:上 (shàng)、下 (xià)、里 (lǐ)、外、前、后、左、右、东、南、西、北;上边、下边、里边、外边、前边、后边、左边、右边、东边、南边、西边、北边
方位名词:上、下、里、外、前、后、左、右、东、南、西、北;上边、下边、里边、外边、前边、后边、左边、右边、东边、南边、西边、北边
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书在桌子上。
Shū zài zhuōzi shàng. The book is on the table.
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手机在书包里。
Shǒujī zài shūbāo lǐ. The phone is in the schoolbag.
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桌子上有几本书?
Zhuōzi shàng yǒu jǐ běn shū? How many books are on the table?
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书店里的人很多。
Shūdiàn lǐ de rén hěn duō. There are a lot of people in the bookstore.
HSK 1
Word class · verb
⚠ EN trap Lesson
能愿动词:会、能
⚠ English trap English “can” covers skill, possibility and permission. Chinese splits them: 会 = learned skill (会说中文), 能 = circumstance/permission (今天不能走).
Learned it? 会. Allowed/possible? 能.
Modal verb · 能愿动词 (néngyuàndòngcí)(会 (huì)/能 (néng))
能愿动词:会/能
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我不会说中文。
Wǒ bùhuì shuō zhōngwén. I can't speak Chinese.
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明天你能来吗?
Míngtiān nǐ néng lái ma? Can you come tomorrow?
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我会说中文。
Wǒ huì shuō zhōngwén. I can speak Chinese.
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他不会开车。
Tā bùhuì kāichē. He can't drive.
HSK 1
Word class · verb
⚠ EN trap Lesson
能愿动词:想、要
⚠ English trap English “want/will” merges desire and plan. Chinese splits 想 (want to) vs 要 (want / definitely will) — 我不想去 vs 我不去 change meaning.
Desire = 想; intention/certainty = 要.
Modal verb · 能愿动词 (néngyuàndòngcí)(想 (xiǎng)/要 (yào))
能愿动词:想/要
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我想学中文。
Wǒ xiǎng xué zhōngwén. I want to learn Chinese.
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他要去书店。
Tā yào qù shūdiàn. He is going to the bookstore.
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我想买一些水果。
Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yìxiē shuǐguǒ. I'd like to buy some fruit.
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你想喝茶吗?
Nǐ xiǎng hēchá ma? Would you like some tea?
HSK 1
Word class · pronoun
Lesson
疑问代词:多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么
Question pronoun · 疑问代词 (yíwèndàicí):多 (duō)、多少 (duōshǎo)、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么
疑问代词:多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么
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他多大?
Tā duōdà? How old is he?
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你们班有多少个学生?
Nǐmen bān yǒu duōshǎo gè xuésheng? How many students are there in your class?
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你弟弟多大?
Nǐ dìdi duōdà? How old is your younger brother?
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这件衣服多少钱?
Zhè jiàn yìfu duōshǎo qián? How much is this piece of clothing?
HSK 1
Word class · pronoun
Lesson
人称代词:我、你、您、他、她、我们、你们、他们、她们
Personal pronoun · 人称代词 (rénchēngdàicí):我 (wǒ)、你 (nǐ)、您、他、她、我们、你们、他们、她们
人称代词:我、你、您、他、她、我们、你们、他们、她们
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你好,我要两个本子。
Nǐhǎo, wǒ yào liǎng gè běnzi. Hello, I'd like two notebooks.
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您好!
Nín hǎo! Hello! (polite)
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我是学生。
Wǒ shì xuésheng. I am a student.
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你是哪国人?
Nǐ shì nǎ guórén? What nationality are you?
HSK 1
Word class · pronoun
Lesson
指示代词:这、那、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、别的、有的
Demonstrative pronoun · 指示代词 (zhǐshìdàicí):这 (zhè)、那 (nǎ)、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、别的、有的
指示代词:这、那、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、别的、有的
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这是谁的手机?
Zhè shì shuí de shǒujī? Whose phone is this?
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她喜欢那个书包。
Tā xǐhuan nàge shūbāo. She likes that schoolbag.
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这是谁的书?
Zhè shì shuí de shū? Whose book is this?
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那个手机多少钱?
Nàge shǒujī duōshǎo qián? How much is that phone?
HSK 1
Word class · numeral
⚠ EN trap Lesson
一、二/两、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、零;十、百;半
⚠ English trap English “two” is one word. Chinese uses 两 before measure words (两个人) and 二 in counting/phone numbers (二〇二六) — saying 二个人 is a classic error.
Counting digits → 二; quantity + measure word → 两.
Word class / numeral · 一 (yī)、二 (èr)/两 (liǎng)、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、零;十、百;半
HSK 1
Word class · classifier
⚠ EN trap Lesson
名量词:杯、本、个、家、间、口、块、页
⚠ English trap English says “three books”. Chinese needs the measure word: 三本书. Dropping it (三书) is the #1 beginner giveaway.
Numeral + measure word + noun, every time.
Noun+classifier · 名量词 (míngliàngcí):杯 (bēi)、本 (běn)、个、家、间、口、块、页
名量词:杯、本、个、家、间、口、块、页
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这本书是中文书。
Zhè běn shū shì zhōng wénshū. This book is a Chinese book.
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我吃了两个包子。
Wǒ chī le liǎng gè bāozi. I ate two baozi.
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前边有一家书店。
Qiánbian yǒu yìjiā shūdiàn. There is a bookstore up ahead.
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你家有几口人?
Nǐ jiā yǒu jǐ kǒu rén? How many people are there in your family?
HSK 1
Word class · adverb
Lesson
程度副词:非常、很、太、真、最
Degree adverb · 程度副词(非常 (fēicháng)/很 (hěn)/太 (tài)/真/最)
程度副词:非常/很/太/真/最
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我非常喜欢这本书。
Wǒ fēicháng xǐhuan zhè běn shū. I like this book very much.
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那个本子很好看。
Nàge běnzi hěn hǎokàn. That notebook is very pretty.
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我非常喜欢学中文。
Wǒ fēicháng xǐhuan xué zhōngwén. I love learning Chinese.
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这里的水果很便宜。
Zhèlǐ de shuǐguǒ hěn biànyí. Fruit is very cheap here.
HSK 1
Word class · adverb
Lesson
范围、协同副词:都、一块儿、一起
Scope/collective adverb · 范围 (fànwéi)、协同副词(都 (dōu)/一块儿 (yíkuàir)/一起)
范围、协同副词:都/一块儿/一起
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同学们都很认真。
Tóngxué men dōu hěn rènzhēn. The students are all very serious about it.
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我们常一块儿玩儿。
Wǒmen cháng yíkuàir wánr. We often hang out together.
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我们都学习汉语。
Wǒmen dōu xuéxí hànyǔ. We all study Chinese.
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他们都是中国学生。
Tāmen dōu shì zhōngguó xuésheng. They are all Chinese students.
范围副词
HSK 1
Word class · adverb
Lesson
时间副词:马上、先、有时、在、正、正在
Time adverb · 时间副词:马上 (mǎshàng)、先 (xiān)、有时 (yǒushí)、在、正、正在
时间副词:马上、先、有时、在、正、正在
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医生马上来。
Yìshēng mǎshàng lái. The doctor will come right away.
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老师,我先说吧。
Lǎoshī, wǒ xiān shuō ba. Teacher, let me speak first.
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他们在做什么?
Tāmen zài zuò shénme? What are they doing?
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学生们正在上课。
Xuésheng men zhèngzài shàngkè. The students are having class.
HSK 1
Word class · adverb
Lesson
频率、重复副词:常、常常、再
Frequency/repetitive adverb · 频率 (pínlǜ)、重复副词(常 (cháng)/常常 (chángcháng)/再)
频率、重复副词:常/常常/再
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他常去饭店吃饭。
Tā cháng qù fàndiàn chīfàn. He often eats at restaurants.
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她常常不吃早饭。
Tā chángcháng bù chī zǎofàn. She often skips breakfast.
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我想再买一本。
Wǒ xiǎng zài mǎi yì běn. I want to buy another copy.
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我再问一个问题,可以吗?
Wǒ zài wèn yìge wèntí, kěyǐ ma? May I ask one more question?
频率副词
HSK 1
Word class · adverb
Lesson
关联副词:还、也
Linking adverb · 关联副词(还 (hái)/也 (yě))
关联副词:还/也
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他要去上海,还要去北京。
Tā yào qù shànghǎi, hái yào qù běijīng. He is going to Shanghai, and to Beijing as well.
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他是学生,我也是学生。
Tā shì xuésheng, wǒ yě shì xuésheng. He is a student, and I am a student too.
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我想吃面条儿,还想吃包子。
Wǒ xiǎng chī miàntiáor, hái xiǎng chī bāozi. I'd like noodles — and baozi as well.
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我有两个姐姐,还有一个哥哥。
Wǒ yǒu liǎng gè jiějie, háiyǒu yìge gēge. I have two older sisters and an older brother.
HSK 1
Word class · adverb
Lesson
否定副词:另、不、没、没有
Negative adverb · 否定副词(另 (lìng)/不 (bù)/没 (méi)/没有)
否定副词:另/不/没/没有
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你别进来。
Nǐ bié jìnlái. Don't come in.
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今天不热。
Jīntiān bú rè. It isn't hot today.
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她不是老师。
Tā bú shì lǎoshī. She is not a teacher.
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我没看电视。
Wǒ méi kàn diànshì. I didn't watch TV.
HSK 1
Word class · preposition
Lesson
从
From · 从 (cóng)
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我们从星期一到星期五工作。
Wǒmen cóng xīngqīyī dào xīngqīwǔ gōngzuò. We work from Monday to Friday.
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你从哪儿来?
Nǐ cóng nǎr lái? Where are you from?
HSK 1
Word class · preposition
Lesson
在
At / in · 在 (zài)
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哥哥在北京学中文。
Gēge zài běijīng xué zhōngwén. Older brother is studying Chinese in Beijing.
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他在手机上看电影。
Tā zài shǒujī shàng kàn diànyǐng. He watches movies on his phone.
HSK 1
Word class · preposition
Lesson
跟、和
With / and · 跟 (gēn)、和 (hé)
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他跟老师请假了。
Tā gēn lǎoshī qǐngjià le. He asked the teacher for leave.
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我没和姐姐一起去中国。
Wǒ méi hé jiějie yìqǐ qù zhōngguó. I didn't go to China with my sister.
HSK 1
Word class · preposition
⚠ EN trap Lesson
比
⚠ English trap English “more than / taller than” puts the adjective after the standard. Chinese 比 reverses it: 他比我高 — and learners insert 是 or 很 (他是很高 ✗).
A + 比 + B + adjective. No 是, no 很 (use 得多/多了 for “much”).
Than (comparison) · 比 (bǐ)
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哥哥比弟弟高。
Gēge bǐ dìdi gāo. The older brother is taller than the younger one.
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这个房间比那个房间大。
Zhège fángjiān bǐ nàge fángjiān dà. This room is bigger than that one.
HSK 1
Word class · conjunction
Lesson
连接词或短语:跟、还是、和
Word class / conjunction · 连接词或短语(跟 (gēn)/还是 (háishi)/和 (hé))
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爸爸跟妈妈都不在家。
Bàba gēn māma dōu bú zàijiā. Neither Dad nor Mom is home.
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你喝茶还是喝水?
Nǐ hēchá háishi hē shuǐ? Do you drink tea or water?
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我和姐姐都喜欢唱歌。
Wǒ hé jiějie dōu xǐhuan chànggē. My sister and I both like singing.
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今天和明天都下雨。
Jīntiān hé míngtiān dōu xiàyǔ. It will rain both today and tomorrow.
连接词语或短语
HSK 1
Word class · particle
Lesson
结构助词:的、地
Structural particle · 结构助词 (jiégòuzhùcí)(的 (de)/地 (de))
结构助词:的/地
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你的衣服很好看。
Nǐ de yìfu hěn hǎokàn. Your clothes look very nice.
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这是你的手机吗?
Zhè shì nǐ de shǒujī ma? Is this your phone?
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她是我的好朋友。
Tā shì wǒ de hǎopéngyou. She is my good friend.