GRAMMAR · HSK 1–9

Grammar Reference

Every HSK grammar point in one place — filter by level, browse by category, see it used in real sentences.

547 grammar points · page 3/28

HSK 1 Action aspect ⚠ EN trap Lesson

完成态：用动态助词“了”表示

⚠ English trap Learners treat 了 as the past-tense -ed and overuse it on every past event: 昨天我去了商店，了了了… English tense is obligatory; Chinese 了 is not.

了 completes NEW events with a result; habitual or staged past actions often need none.

Perfective aspect · 完成态(用动态助词“了 (le)”表示 (biǎoshì))

完成态：用动态助词“了”表示

  • 他买了两个面包。/他没买面包。 Tā mǎi le liǎng gè miànbāo. / tā méi mǎi miànbāo. He bought two loaves of bread. / He didn't buy bread.
  • 我喝了很多水。/我没喝水。 Wǒ hē le hěn duō shuǐ. / wǒ méi hē shuǐ. I drank a lot of water. / I didn't drink water.
  • 你学了多少个汉字？ Nǐ xué le duōshǎo gè hànzì? How many characters have you learned?
  • 我买了一些苹果。 Wǒ mǎi le yìxiē píngguǒ. I bought some apples.
HSK 1 Action aspect Lesson

进行态

Progressive aspect

  • 孩子在睡觉，你别说话。 Háizi zài shuìjiào, nǐ bié shuōhuà. The child is sleeping — don't talk.
  • 外边正在下雨。 Wàibian zhèngzài xiàyǔ. It is raining outside.
  • 同学们在/正在上课。 Tóngxué men zài/ zhèngzài shàngkè. The students are having class.
HSK 1 Special expression · number expression Lesson

钱数表示法

Money expression

  • 这本书二十四块（钱）。 Zhè běn shū èrshí sì kuài ( qián) . This book is twenty-four yuan.
  • 包子三块（钱）一个。 Bāozi sān kuài ( qián) yìge. The baozi are three yuan each.
HSK 1 Special expression · time expression ⚠ EN trap Lesson

时间表示法

⚠ English trap English time phrases can go anywhere (“I’ll go tomorrow”). Chinese time words sit AFTER the subject and BEFORE the verb: 我明天去 — 我去明天 is wrong.

When → Where → How → Verb. Time comes early.

Special expression / time expression

HSK 1 Question form ⚠ EN trap Lesson

用“吗”提问

⚠ English trap English builds questions with do-support (“Do you like it?”). Chinese 吗 just tags the statement — learners wrongly reorder words or add 做.

Statement + 吗. Word order never changes.

Question with 吗 · 用 (yòng)“吗 (má)”提问 (tíwèn)

  • 他是老师吗？ Tā shì lǎoshī ma? Is he a teacher?
  • 这包子好吃吗？ Zhè bāozi hǎochī ma? Are the baozi good?
HSK 1 Question form Lesson

用 "多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么”提问

Question with 多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么 · 用 (yòng) "多 (duō)、多少 (duōshǎo)、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么”提问

  • 你哥哥多大？ Nǐ gēge duōdà? How old is your older brother?
  • 车上有多少个人？ Chē shàng yǒu duōshǎo gèrén? How many people are on the bus?
HSK 1 Question form Lesson

用“还是”提问

Question with 还是 · 用 (yòng)“还是 (háishi)”提问 (tíwèn)

  • 她妈妈是老师还是医生？ Tā māma shì lǎoshī háishi yìshēng? Is her mother a teacher or a doctor?
  • 你喝水还是喝牛奶？ Nǐ hē shuǐ háishi hē niúnǎi? Do you drink water or milk?
HSK 1 Question form ⚠ EN trap Lesson

用正反疑问形式提问

⚠ English trap The A-not-A pattern (去不去？) has no English equivalent; learners try “go or not go” word-by-word or use 吗 twice.

Verb + 不 + verb, object after both: 去不去商店？

Question with 正反疑问形式 · 用正反疑问形式提问 (wèn)

  • 这本书贵不贵？ Zhè běn shū guì bú guì? Is this book expensive or not?
  • 电影好看不好看？ Diànyǐng hǎokàn bù hǎokàn? Is the movie good or not?
HSK 1 Other · pronunciation Lesson

儿化（哪儿/玩儿/一会儿…）

Erhua (rhotacisation) · 儿化 (érhuà)（哪儿 (nǎr)/玩儿 (wánr)/一会儿…）

儿化：哪儿/玩儿/一会儿…

  • 你的家在哪儿？ Nǐ de jiā zài nǎr? Where is your home?
  • 我们出去玩儿吧。 Wǒmen chūqù wánr ba. Let's go out and have some fun.
HSK 2 Word class · verb Lesson

能愿动词

Modal verb · 能愿动词 (néngyuàndòngcí)

  • 他可能出去了。 Tā kěnéng chūqù le. He may have gone out.
  • 我今天不可能写完这么多作业。 Wǒ jīntiān bùkěnéng xiěwán zhème duō zuòyè. There's no way I can finish this much homework today.
  • 她可能回家了。 Tā kěnéng huíjiā le. She has probably gone home.
  • 小猫可能在房间里。 Xiǎomāo kěnéng zài fángjiān lǐ. The kitten may be in the room.
HSK 2 Word class · verb Lesson

能愿动词：该、应该

Modal verb · 能愿动词 (néngyuàndòngcí)(该 (gāi)/应该 (yīnggāi))

能愿动词：该/应该

  • 你该吃药了。 Nǐ gāi chīyào le. It's time for your medicine.
  • 你们应该去检查一下儿身体。 Nǐmen yīnggāi qù jiǎnchá yíxiàr shēntǐ. You should go get a check-up.
  • 她可能回家了。 Tā kěnéng huíjiā le. She has probably gone home.
  • 小猫可能在房间里。 Xiǎomāo kěnéng zài fángjiān lǐ. The kitten may be in the room.
HSK 2 Word class · verb Lesson

能愿动词：愿意

Modal verb · 能愿动词 (néngyuàndòngcí)(愿意 (yuànyì))

能愿动词：愿意

  • 她很愿意帮助同学。 Tā hěn yuànyì bāngzhù tóngxué. She is very willing to help her classmates.
  • 我不愿意去外地工作。 Wǒ bú yuànyì qù wàidì gōngzuò. I'm not willing to work in another city.
  • 她可能回家了。 Tā kěnéng huíjiā le. She has probably gone home.
  • 小猫可能在房间里。 Xiǎomāo kěnéng zài fángjiān lǐ. The kitten may be in the room.
HSK 2 Word class · verb ⚠ EN trap Lesson

动词重叠：AA、A一A、A了A、ABAB

⚠ English trap Verb reduplication (看看 / 试一试) softens the action — English has nothing like it, so learners either skip it or overuse it everywhere.

Short casual actions get doubled; “try / a little bit” flavor.

Verb · 动词重叠 (dòngcíchóngdié)：AA、A一 (yī)A、A了 (le)A、ABAB

动词重叠：AA、A一A、A了A、ABAB

  • 我能用用你的手机吗？ Wǒ néng yòng yòng nǐ de shǒujī ma? May I use your phone for a moment?
  • 你想一想这个字的意思。 Nǐ xiǎng yì xiǎng zhège zì de yìsi. Think for a moment about what this character means.
  • 那本书能给我看看吗？ Nà běn shū néng gěi wǒ kànkan ma? May I have a look at that book?
  • 请大家说一说自己的爱好。 Qǐng dàjiā shuō yìshuō zìjǐ de àihào. Everyone, please say something about your hobbies.
HSK 2 Word class · pronoun Lesson

疑问代词：多久、为什么、怎么样、怎样

Question pronoun · 疑问代词 (yíwèndàicí)：多久 (duōjiǔ)、为什么 (wèishénme)、怎么样、怎样

疑问代词：多久、为什么、怎么样、怎样

  • 昨天的作业，你写了多久？ Zuótiān de zuòyè, nǐ xiě le duōjiǔ? How long did you spend on yesterday's homework?
  • 你为什么不去上课？ Nǐ wèishénme bú qù shàngkè? Why don't you go to class?
  • 他昨天为什么没来上课？ Tā zuótiān wèishénme méi lái shàngkè? Why didn't he come to class yesterday?
  • 你为什么想学中文？ Nǐ wèishénme xiǎng xué zhōngwén? Why do you want to learn Chinese?
HSK 2 Word class · pronoun Lesson

人称代词：别人、大家、它、它们、咱、咱们、自己

Personal pronoun · 人称代词 (rénchēngdàicí)：别人 (biéren)、大家 (dàjiā)、它、它们、咱、咱们、自己

人称代词：别人、大家、它、它们、咱、咱们、自己

  • 我想听听别人的意见。 Wǒ xiǎng tīng tīng biéren de yìjiàn. I'd like to hear others' opinions.
  • 大家一起唱歌吧。 Dàjiā yìqǐ chànggē ba. Let's all sing together.
  • 下午我有事，你自己去，可以吗？ Xiàwǔ wǒ yǒushì, nǐ zìjǐ qù, kěyǐ ma? I'm busy this afternoon — can you go by yourself?
HSK 2 Word class · pronoun Lesson

指示代词：那么、那样、这么、这样

Demonstrative pronoun · 指示代词 (zhǐshìdàicí)(那么 (nàme)/那样 (nàyàng)/这么/…)

指示代词：那么/那样/这么/…

  • 你女朋友有她那么漂亮吗？ Nǐ nǚpéngyou yǒu tā nàme piàoliang ma? Is your girlfriend as pretty as she is?
  • 筷子不能那样拿。 Kuàizi bùnéng nàyàng ná. You mustn't hold the chopsticks like that.
  • 他为什么学得那么好？ Tā wèishénme xué de nàme hǎo? How come he learned it so well?
  • 那样的事情经常有。 Nàyàng de shìqing jīngcháng yǒu. Things like that happen often.
HSK 2 Word class · adjective ⚠ EN trap Lesson

形容词重叠：AA、AABB

⚠ English trap Adjective reduplication (好好儿/干干净净) adds vividness — learners read 好 in 好好学习 as “good” and mistranslate.

AA/AABB doubles make descriptions lively and emphatic.

Adjective

形容词重叠：AA/AABB

  • 那个女孩儿高高的个子，大大的眼睛，非常漂亮。 Nàge nǚháir gāo gāo de gèzi, dàdà de yǎnjing, fēicháng piàoliang. That girl is tall with big eyes — very beautiful.
  • 这个房间干干净净的。 Zhège fángjiān gàn gānjìng jìng de. This room is spotlessly clean.
  • 她高高的个子，大大的眼睛，非常漂亮。 Tā gāo gāo de gèzi, dàdà de yǎnjing, fēicháng piàoliang. She is tall with big eyes — very beautiful.
  • 大家高高兴兴地回家了。 Dàjiā gāogāoxìngxìng de huíjiā le. Everyone went home in high spirits.
HSK 2 Word class · numeral Lesson

千、万、亿

Word class / numeral · 千 (qiān)、万 (wàn)、亿 (yì)

HSK 2 Word class · classifier Lesson

名量词：层、封、件、条、位

Noun+classifier · 名量词 (míngliàngcí)(层 (céng)/封 (fēng)/件/条/位)

名量词：层/封/件/条/位

  • 一条裤子、一位老师、一间教室、一名学生 Yì tiáo kùzi, yí wèi lǎoshī, yì jiān jiàoshì, yì míng xuésheng a pair of trousers, a teacher, a classroom, a student
HSK 2 Word class · classifier Lesson

动量词：遍、次、场、回、下

Verb+classifier · 动量词 (dòngliàngcí)(遍 (biàn)/次 (cì)/场/回/下)

动量词：遍/次/场/回/下

  • 去一次、看一次 Qù yícì, kàn yícì go once, take a look once
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