Grammar Reference

兼语句2

Serial-verb-plus-object sentence

• 老师表扬他帮助同学。 Lǎoshī biǎoyáng tā bāngzhù tóngxué. The teacher praised him for helping classmates.
• 妈妈总是批评我不整理房间。 Māma zǒngshì pīpíng wǒ bù zhěnglǐ fángjiān. Mom always criticizes me for not keeping my room in order.
• 老师表扬我取得了好成绩。 Lǎoshī biǎoyáng wǒ qǔdé le hǎo chéngjì. The teacher praised me for getting good results.
• 警察表扬那个小伙子帮助了别人。 Jǐngchá biǎoyáng nàge xiǎohuǒzi bāngzhù le biéren. The police commended the young man for helping others.

“是⋯⋯的”句2：强调说话人的看法或态度

Sentence type / special pattern · “是 (shì)⋯⋯的 (de)”句 (gōu)2(强调说话人的看法或…)

• 这个问题是可以解决的。 Zhège wèntí shì kěyǐ jiějué de. This problem can be solved.
• 这道题是很简单的。 Zhè dào tí shì hěn jiǎndān de. This problem is quite simple.

不是⋯⋯，而是⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · 不是 (bùshì)⋯⋯，而是 (érshì)⋯⋯

• 我不是不想去，而是没时间。 Wǒ bú shì bùxiǎng qù, érshì méi shíjiān. It's not that I don't want to go — I have no time.
• 这不是我的书，而是他的。 Zhèbu shì wǒ de shū, érshì tā de. This isn't my book, but his.

既⋯⋯，又/也⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · 既 (jì)⋯⋯，又 (yòu)/也 (yě)⋯⋯

• 这件新衣服既好看，又暖和。 Zhè jiàn xīn yìfu jì hǎokàn, yòu nuǎnhuo. This new piece of clothing is both pretty and warm.
• 他既会学习，又会玩儿。 Tā jì huì xuéxí, yòu huì wánr. He knows how to study and how to have fun too.

首先⋯⋯，其次⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · 首先 (shǒuxiān)⋯⋯，其次 (qícì)⋯⋯

• 首先我们要读一遍课文，其次我们要根据课文做一个练习。 Shǒuxiān wǒmen yào dú yíbiàn kèwén, qícì wǒmen yào gēnjù kèwén zuò yìge liànxí. First we will read the text through; second, we will do an exercise based on it.
• 我们球队问题很多，首先是队员不够团结，其次是训练时间很短。 Wǒmen qiúduì wèntí hěn duō, shǒuxiān shì duìyuán bùgòu tuánjié, qícì shì xùnliàn shíjiān hěn duǎn. Our team has many problems: first, the players are not united enough; second, training time is very short.

⋯⋯，于是⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · ⋯⋯，于是 (yúshì)⋯⋯

• 风停了，下起雨来，于是人们纷纷打起了雨伞。 Fēng tíng le, xià qǐ yǔ lái, yúshì rénmen fēnfēn dǎ qǐ le yǔsǎn. The wind ceased and rain began to fall, so people opened their umbrellas one after another.
• 他不喜欢这个工作，于是离开了这家公司。 Tā bù xǐhuan zhège gōngzuò, yúshì líkāi le zhè jiā gōngsī. He didn't like the job, so he left the company.

⋯⋯，甚至⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · ⋯⋯，甚至 (shènzhì)⋯⋯

• 他什么都不会，甚至连最简单的汉字也写不了。 Tā shénme dōu bùhuì, shènzhì lián zuì jiǎndān de hànzì yě xiě bùle. He can't do anything — he can't even write the simplest Chinese characters.
• 她病得很严重，甚至要做手术。 Tā bìng dehěn yánzhòng, shènzhì yào zuò shǒushù. She is seriously ill and may even need an operation.

或者⋯⋯，或者⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · 或者 (huòzhě)⋯⋯，或者 (huòzhě)⋯⋯

• 这件事或者赶快停止，或者重新开始。 Zhè jiàn shì huòzhě gǎnkuài tíngzhǐ, huòzhě chóngxīnkāishǐ. Either stop this at once, or start over.
• 暑假或者去上海，或者去杭州，反正得出去旅行。 Shǔjià huòzhě qù shànghǎi, huòzhě qù hángzhōu, fǎnzhèng de chūqù lǚxíng. In the summer holiday — Shanghai, or Hangzhou, one or the other; travel I must.

⋯⋯， 然而⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · ⋯⋯， 然而 (ránér)⋯⋯

• 我知道中文很有用，然而中文也太难了。 Wǒ zhīdào zhōngwén hěn yǒuyòng, ránér zhōngwén yě tài nán le. I know Chinese is very useful; however, it is also very hard.
• 他说他不喜欢这部电影，然而我觉得很有意思。 Tā shuō tā bù xǐhuan zhè bù diànyǐng, ránér wǒ juéde hěn yǒuyìsi. He says he doesn't like this movie; however, I find it quite interesting.

⋯⋯，否则⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · ⋯⋯，否则 (fǒuzé)⋯⋯

• 我要认真复习，否则考试会不及格的。 Wǒ yào rènzhēn fùxí, fǒuzé kǎoshì huì bùjígé de. I must review carefully, otherwise I'll fail the exam.
• 记得带卡，否则进不了办公室。 Jìde dài kǎ, fǒuzé jìn bùle bàngōngshì. Remember to bring your card — otherwise you can't get into the office.

假如⋯⋯，（就）⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · 假如 (jiǎrú)⋯⋯，（就 (jiù)）⋯⋯

• 假如有困难，你一定要告诉我。 Jiǎrú yǒu kùnnan, nǐ yídìng yào gàosù wǒ. If you run into difficulties, you must tell me.
• 假如能通过这个考试，我就可以拿到学校的奖学金了。 Jiǎrú néng tōngguò zhège kǎoshì, wǒ jiù kěyǐ nádào xuéxiào de jiǎngxuéjīn le. If I can pass this exam, I'll be able to get the school's scholarship.
• 毕业以后，同学们不是留在中国继续学习，就是回国工作。 Bìyè yǐhòu, tóngxué men bú shì liú zài zhōngguó jìxù xuéxí, jiùshì huíguó gōngzuò. After graduation, the classmates either stayed in China to keep studying or returned home to work.
• 周末他不是在游泳馆游泳，就是在篮球场打篮球。 Zhōumò tā bú shì zài yóuyǒngguǎn yóuyǒng, jiùshì zài lánqiúchǎng dǎ lánqiú. On weekends, if he isn't swimming at the pool, he's playing basketball on the court.

选择复句

万一⋯⋯，（就）⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · 万一 (wànyī)⋯⋯，（就 (jiù)）⋯⋯

• 万一我没来，你就自己先去吧。 Wànyī wǒ méi lái, nǐ jiù zìjǐ xiān qù ba. If by any chance I don't show up, go on ahead without me.
• 一定要把你们的护照带上，万一需要，没带就麻烦了。 Yídìng yào bǎ nǐmen de hùzhào dàishàng, wànyī xūyào, méi dài jiù máfan le. Be sure to bring your passports. If they're needed and you haven't got them, it will be a real hassle.
• 毕业以后，同学们不是留在中国继续学习，就是回国工作。 Bìyè yǐhòu, tóngxué men bú shì liú zài zhōngguó jìxù xuéxí, jiùshì huíguó gōngzuò. After graduation, the classmates either stayed in China to keep studying or returned home to work.
• 周末他不是在游泳馆游泳，就是在篮球场打篮球。 Zhōumò tā bú shì zài yóuyǒngguǎn yóuyǒng, jiùshì zài lánqiúchǎng dǎ lánqiú. On weekends, if he isn't swimming at the pool, he's playing basketball on the court.

选择复句

不管⋯⋯，都/也⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · 不管 (bùguǎn)⋯⋯，都 (dōu)/也 (yě)⋯⋯

• 不管明天是否下雨，我都要去看他。 Bùguǎn míngtiān shìfǒu xiàyǔ, wǒ dōu yào qù kàn tā. Whether or not it rains tomorrow, I'm going to see him.
• 不管有多难，我也会坚持学下去。 Bùguǎn yǒu duō nán, wǒ yě huì jiānchí xué xiàqù. No matter how hard it is, I will keep on learning.

无论⋯⋯，都/也⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · 无论 (wúlùn)⋯⋯，都 (dōu)/也 (yě)⋯⋯

• 无论学习多么紧张，我都坚持每天锻炼一个小时。 Wúlùn xuéxí duōme jǐnzhāng, wǒ dōu jiānchí měitiān duànliàn yìge xiǎoshí. No matter how intense my studies, I keep exercising one hour every day.
• 无论他怎么说，也没有人相信他。 Wúlùn tā zěnme shuō, yě méiyǒu rén xiāngxìn tā. No matter what he says, no one believes him.

既然⋯⋯，就⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · 既然 (jìrán)⋯⋯，就 (jiù)⋯⋯

• 既然这事你已经决定了，我就不说什么了。 Jìrán zhè shì nǐ yǐjīng juédìng le, wǒ jiù bú shuō shénme le. Since you've already decided this matter, I'll say no more.
• 既然外面下雨了，我们就明天再去吧。 Jìrán wàimiàn xiàyǔ le, wǒmen jiù míngtiān zài qù ba. Since it's raining outside, let's go again tomorrow instead.

⋯⋯ ，可见 ⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · ⋯⋯ ，可见 (kějiàn) ⋯⋯

• 他的中文水平很高，可见他在留学期间学习是多么努力。 Tā de zhōngwén shuǐpíng hěn gāo, kějiàn tā zài liúxué qījiān xuéxí shì duōme nǔlì. His Chinese is superb — you can see how hard he studied while abroad.
• 他在我困难的时候一直帮助我，可见他是我多么好的朋友。 Tā zài wǒ kùnnan de shíhou yìzhí bāngzhù wǒ, kějiàn tā shì wǒ duōme hǎo de péngyou. He kept helping me in my hard times — you can see what a good friend he is to me.

哪怕 ⋯⋯ ，也/还 ⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · 哪怕 (nǎpà) ⋯⋯ ，也 (yě)/还 (hái) ⋯⋯

• 哪怕明天下雨，足球比赛也要继续进行。 Nǎpà míngtiān xiàyǔ, zúqiú bǐsài yě yào jìxù jìnxíng. Even if it rains tomorrow, the football match will go on.
• 哪怕再难，我也要坚持学下去。 Nǎpà zài nán, wǒ yě yào jiānchí xué xiàqù. No matter how hard it gets, I will keep on learning.

⋯⋯，好⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · ⋯⋯，好 (hǎo)⋯⋯

• 老师布置了听写作业，好帮助学生练习汉字。 Lǎoshī bùzhì le tīngxiě zuòyè, hǎo bāngzhù xuésheng liànxí hànzì. The teacher assigned dictation homework to help students practice characters.
• 我们应该不断地引导他，好让他对自己有信心。 Wǒmen yīnggāi bùduàn de yǐndǎo tā, hǎo ràng tā duì zìjǐ yǒu xìnxīn. We should keep guiding him, so that he may have confidence in himself.

无标记

Sentence type / compound sentence

• 你有事你先走。 Nǐ yǒushì nǐ xiān zǒu. If you have somewhere to be, go ahead.
• 你不怕我怕。 Nǐ bùpà wǒ pà. You're not afraid, but I am.
• 你着急你先走吧。 Nǐ zháojí nǐ xiān zǒu ba. If you're in a hurry, you go ahead.
• 站得高看得远。 Zhàn de gāokàn de yuǎn. Stand high and you see far.

紧缩复句

不⋯⋯也⋯⋯

Sentence type / compound sentence · 不 (bù)⋯⋯也 (yě)⋯⋯

• 今天晚上我不睡觉也要把这篇作文写完。 Jīntiān wǎnshang wǒ bú shuìjiào yě yào bǎ zhè piān zuòwén xiěwán. Tonight I will finish this essay even if it means staying up all night.
• 他不吃饭也要帮我修电脑。 Tā bù chīfàn yě yào bāng wǒ xiū diànnǎo. Even without eating, he would still help me fix the computer.