Grammar Reference

时量词：分钟、年、天、周

Classifier · 时量词(分钟 (fēnzhōng)/年 (nián)/天 (tiān)/周)

时量词：分钟/年/天/周

程度副词：多、多么、好、更、十分、特别、挺、有（一）点儿

Degree adverb · 程度副词：多 (duō)、多么 (duōme)、好 (hǎo)、更、十分、特别、挺、有（一）点儿

程度副词：多、多么、好、更、十分、特别、挺、有（一）点儿

• 这孩子多可爱啊！ Zhè háizi duō kěài a! How cute this child is!
• 那些花多么漂亮啊！ Nàxiē huā duōme piàoliang a! How beautiful those flowers are!
• 这只小狗多可爱啊！ Zhè zhǐ xiǎogǒu duō kěài a! How adorable this puppy is!
• 这个教室好大啊！ Zhège jiàoshì hǎo dà a! What a big classroom this is!

范围、协同副词：全、一共、只

Scope/collective adverb · 范围 (fànwéi)、协同副词(全 (quán)/一共 (yígòng)/只)

范围、协同副词：全/一共/只

• 同学们全来了。 Tóngxué men quán lái le. The students have all come.
• 我们班一共有二十人。 Wǒmen bān yígòng yǒu èrshí rén. Our class has twenty people in all.
• 晚上我们一起吃饭吧。 Wǎnshang wǒmen yìqǐ chīfàn ba. Let's have dinner together tonight.
• 一起去看电影，怎么样？ Yìqǐ qù kàn diànyǐng, zěnmeyàng? How about going to a movie together?

范围副词

时间副词：刚、刚刚、还、忽然、一直、已经

Time adverb · 时间副词：刚 (gāng)、刚刚 (gānggang)、还 (hái)、忽然、一直、已经

时间副词：刚、刚刚、还、忽然、一直、已经

• 我刚从学校回到家。 Wǒ gāng cóng xuéxiào huídào jiā. I just got home from school.
• 白老师刚刚从国外回来。 Bái lǎoshī gānggang cóng guówài huílai. Teacher Bai has just returned from abroad.
• 他还没有起床呢。 Tā hái méiyǒu qǐchuáng ne. He hasn't gotten up yet.
• 张老师已经下班了。 Zhāng lǎoshī yǐjīng xiàbān le. Teacher Zhang has already gotten off work.

频率、重复副词：重新、经常、老、老是、又

Frequency/repetitive adverb · 频率 (pínlǜ)、重复副词：重新 (chóngxīn)、经常 (jīngcháng)、老、老是、又

频率、重复副词：重新、经常、老、老是、又

• 这篇作文我要重新写一遍。 Zhè piān zuòwén wǒ yào chóngxīn xiě yíbiàn. I'm going to rewrite this essay.
• 我经常看见他在图书馆学习。 Wǒ jīngcháng kànjiàn tā zài túshūguǎn xuéxí. I often see him studying in the library.
• 我不常坐地铁。 Wǒ bù cháng zuò dìtiě. I don't often take the subway.
• 你经常上网买东西吗？ Nǐ jīngcháng shàngwǎng mǎidōngxi ma? Do you often shop online?

频率副词

关联副词：就

Linking adverb · 关联副词(就 (jiù))

关联副词：就

• 如果明天天气好，我就去爬山。 Rúguǒ míngtiān tiānqì hǎo, wǒ jiù qù páshān. If the weather is fine tomorrow, I'll go hiking.
• 你有时间的话，我们就一起出去走走吧。 Nǐ yǒu shíjiān dehuà, wǒmen jiù yìqǐ chūqù zǒu zǒu ba. If you have time, let's go out for a walk together.
• 我先休息一会儿再工作。 Wǒ xiān xiūxi yíhuìr zài gōngzuò. Let me rest a while first, then get back to work.
• 你洗完手再吃水果。 Nǐ xǐ wán shǒu zài chī shuǐguǒ. Eat the fruit after you've washed your hands.

方式副词：故意

Manner adverb · 方式副词(故意 (gùyì))

方式副词：故意

• 说话的时候，他故意提高声音，这样大家都能听见。 Shuōhuà de shíhou, tā gùyì tígāo shēngyīn, zhèyàng dàjiā dōu néng tīngjiàn. While speaking he deliberately raised his voice, so everyone could hear.
• 我不是故意弄坏电脑的。 Wǒ bú shì gùyì nònghuài diànnǎo de. I didn't break the computer on purpose.

情态副词：必须、差不多、好像、一定、也许

Modal adverb · 情态副词：必须 (bìxū)、差不多 (chàbuduō)、好像 (hǎoxiàng)、一定、也许

情态副词：必须、差不多、好像、一定、也许

• 要取得好成绩，大家必须努力学习。 Yào qǔdé hǎo chéngjì, dàjiā bìxū nǔlì xuéxí. To get good results, everyone must study hard.
• 机票差不多要两千块钱。 Jīpiào chàbuduō yào liǎng qiān kuài qián. The plane ticket costs about two thousand yuan.

语气副词：才、都、就、正好

Modal-particle adverb · 语气副词(才 (cái)/都 (dōu)/就 (jiù)/正好)

语气副词：才/都/就/正好

• 我今天八点才起床。 Wǒ jīntiān bā diǎn cái qǐchuáng. I didn't get up until eight today.
• 她一百块钱才买了两本书。 Tā yì bǎi kuài qián cái mǎi le liǎng běn shū. She got only two books for a hundred yuan.
• 都十二点了，快睡觉吧。 Dōu shíèr diǎn le, kuài shuìjiào ba. It's already twelve — hurry to bed.
• 车站就在那个饭馆旁边。 Chēzhàn jiù zài nàge fànguǎn pángbiān. The station is right beside that restaurant.

当

When / as · 当 (dāng)

• 当他进来的时候，我们正在看电视。 Dāng tā jìnlái de shíhou, wǒmen zhèngzài kàn diànshì. When he came in, we were watching TV.

往

Toward · 往 (wǎng)

• 你往左走，就能看见洗手间。 Nǐ wǎng zuǒ zǒu, jiù néng kànjiàn xǐshǒujiān. Go left and you'll see the restroom.
• 你往前走一百米就到了。 Nǐ wǎngqián zǒu yì bǎimǐ jiù dàoliǎo. Walk ahead a hundred meters and you're there.

向

Toward · 向 (xiàng)

• 你向西边看，看见西山了吗？ Nǐ xiàng xībiān kàn, kànjiàn xīshān le ma? Look to the west — can you see the Western Hills?
• 他向图书馆走去了。 Tā xiàng túshūguǎn zǒuqù le. He walked off toward the library.

从

From · 从 (cóng)

• 你从这儿走，五分钟就到书店了。 Nǐ cóng zhèr zǒu, wǔ fēnzhōng jiù dào shūdiàn le. If you go this way, you'll reach the bookstore in five minutes.
• 这路公交车从我们学校门口过。 Zhè lù gōngjiāochē cóng wǒmen xuéxiào ménkǒu guò. This bus line passes our school gate.

对

To / toward · 对 (duì)

• 她对顾客非常热情。 Tā duì gùkè fēicháng rèqíng. She is very warm toward customers.
• 这件事你对他说了吗？ Zhè jiàn shì nǐ duì tā shuō le ma? Have you told him about this matter?

给

To / for · 给 (gěi)

• 我晚上要给女朋友打电话。 Wǒ wǎnshang yào gěi nǚpéngyou dǎdiànhuà. I'm going to call my girlfriend tonight.
• 她后天过生日，我们给她送什么礼物呢？ Tā hòutiān guòshēngrì, wǒmen gěi tā sòng shénme lǐwù ne? Her birthday is the day after tomorrow — what present shall we give her?

离

Word class / preposition · 离 (chī)

• 这儿离车站有点儿远。 Zhèr lí chēzhàn yǒudiǎnr yuǎn. It's a bit far from here to the station.
• 现在离放假有一个星期的时间。 Xiànzài lí fàngjià yǒu yìge xīngqī de shíjiān. There is one week to go before the holiday.

为

Word class / preposition · 为 (wéi)

• 为大家的健康干杯！ Wèi dàjiā de jiànkāng gānbēi! A toast to everyone's health!
• 我们都为你的好成绩高兴。 Wǒmen dōu wèi nǐ de hǎo chéngjì gāoxìng. We are all happy about your good results.

连接词或短语：或、或者

Word class / conjunction · 连接词或短语(或 (huò)/或者 (huòzhě))

• 星期天我想去看电影或听音乐会。 Xīngqītiān wǒ xiǎng qù kàn diànyǐng huò tīng yīnyuèhuì. On Sunday I'd like to see a movie or go to a concert.
• 我下午去打球或者去爬山。 Wǒ xiàwǔ qù dǎqiú huòzhě qù páshān. This afternoon I'll play ball or go hiking.
• 爸爸跟妈妈都不在家。 Bàba gēn māma dōu bú zàijiā. Neither Dad nor Mom is home.
• 我跟哥哥都在中国上学。 Wǒ gēn gēge dōu zài zhōngguó shàngxué. My brother and I both go to school in China.

连接分句或句子：不过、但、但是、而且、那、如果、虽然、只要

Word class / conjunction · 连接分句或句子：不过 (bùguò)、但 (dàn)、但是 (dànshì)、而且、那、如果、虽然、只要

• 现在已经是冬天了，但北京还不太冷。 Xiànzài yǐjīng shì dōngtiān le, dàn běijīng hái bú tài lěng. It's already winter, yet Beijing isn't very cold yet.
• 你不去，那我就一个人去。 Nǐ bú qù, nà wǒ jiù yígèrén qù. If you won't go, then I'll go by myself.

结构助词：得

Structural particle · 结构助词 (jiégòuzhùcí)(得 (dé))

结构助词：得

• 他走得有点儿快。 Tā zǒu de yǒudiǎnr kuài. He walks a little fast.
• 她篮球打得很不错。 Tā lánqiú dǎ dehěn bùcuò. She plays basketball quite well.
• 他汉语说得很好。 Tā hànyǔ shuō dehěn hǎo. He speaks Chinese very well.
• 大家正在高兴地唱歌。 Dàjiā zhèngzài gāoxìng de chànggē. Everyone is singing happily.