Grammar Reference

量词重叠：AA

Classifier

量词重叠：AA

• 这些苹果个个都很大。 Zhèxiē píngguǒ gègè dōu hěn dà. Every one of these apples is big.
• 他画的画，张张都很漂亮。 Tā huà de huà, zhāng zhāng dōu hěn piàoliang. Every one of the pictures he paints is beautiful.

程度副词：比较、更加，还、相当

Degree adverb · 程度副词(比较 (bǐjiào)/更加 (gèngjiā)，还 (hái)/相当)

程度副词：比较/更加，还/相当

• 我比较喜欢游泳。 Wǒ bǐjiào xǐhuan yóuyǒng. I rather like swimming.
• 她以前学习就很努力，现在更加努力了。 Tā yǐqián xuéxí jiù hěn nǔlì, xiànzài gèngjiā nǔlì le. She studied hard before, and studies even harder now.
• 这本书的内容比较简单，我读得很快。 Zhè běn shū de nèiróng bǐjiào jiǎndān, wǒ dú dehěn kuài. This book's content is fairly simple; I read it quickly.
• 外面太热了，屋子里还凉快一些。 Wàimiàn tài rè le, wūzi lǐ hái liángkuai yìxiē. It's far too hot outside; indoors is a little cooler.

范围、协同副词：光、仅、仅仅、就、至少

Scope/collective adverb · 范围 (fànwéi)、协同副词(光 (guāng)/仅 (jǐn)/仅仅/就/…)

范围、协同副词：光/仅/仅仅/就/…

• 他每天光玩儿不学习。 Tā měitiān guāng wánr bù xuéxí. Every day he does nothing but play — no studying at all.
• 今天来上课的仅有五个学生。 Jīntiān lái shàngkè de jǐn yǒu wǔ gè xuésheng. Only five students came to class today.
• 我就要两斤苹果，不要别的。 Wǒ jiùyào liǎng jīn píngguǒ, bùyào biéde. I'll take just two jin of apples — nothing else.
• 办公室里就张老师一个人。 Bàngōngshì lǐ jiù zhāng lǎoshī yígèrén. Teacher Zhang is the only one in the office.

范围副词

时间副词：本来、才、曾经、从来、赶紧、赶快、立刻、连忙、始终、已、早已

Time adverb · 时间副词：本来 (běnlái)、才 (cái)、曾经 (céngjīng)、从来、赶紧、赶快、立刻、连忙、始终、已、早已

时间副词：本来、才、曾经、从来、赶紧、赶快、立刻、连忙、始终、已、早已

• 会议本来在星期一举行，但是现在改时间了。 Huìyì běnlái zài xīngqīyī jǔxíng, dànshì xiànzài gǎi shíjiān le. The meeting was originally to be held on Monday, but the time has now been changed.
• 他才起床，让我们等一下儿。 Tā cái qǐchuáng, ràng wǒmen děngyíxiàr. He has only just gotten up — let's wait a moment.
• 他才到家，还没有吃饭呢。 Tā cái dàojiā, hái méiyǒu chīfàn ne. He only just got home and hasn't eaten yet.
• 我才搬来北京，还不太习惯这里的生活 Wǒ cái bān lái běijīng, hái bú tài xíguàn zhèlǐ de shēnghuó I've only just moved to Beijing and am not yet used to life here

频率、重复副词：通常、往往、总、总是

Frequency/repetitive adverb · 频率 (pínlǜ)、重复副词(通常 (tōngcháng)/往往 (wǎngwǎng)/总/总是)

频率、重复副词：通常/往往/总/总是

• 李经理通常很早就到公司。 Lǐ jīnglǐ tōngcháng hěn zǎojiù dào gōngsī. Manager Li usually arrives at the company very early.
• 为了记住一个汉字，他往往要写很多遍。 Wèile jìzhu yìge hànzì, tā wǎngwǎng yào xiě hěn duō biàn. To memorize a single Chinese character, he often has to write it many times over.
• 一到冬天，孩子就总生病。 Yí dào dōngtiān, háizi jiù zǒng shēngbìng. Every winter, as soon as it arrives, the child keeps falling ill.
• 上学的时候，我总是让爸爸开车送我。 Shàngxué de shíhou, wǒ zǒngshì ràng bàba kāichē sòng wǒ. When I was in school, I always had my dad drive me there.

频率副词

关联副词：再

Linking adverb · 关联副词(再 (zài))

关联副词：再

• 我们做完作业再玩儿游戏。 Wǒmen zuòwán zuòyè zài wánr yóuxì. Let's finish our homework before playing games.
• 你洗了手再吃水果。 Nǐ xǐ le shǒu zài chī shuǐguǒ. Wash your hands before you eat the fruit.
• 孩子们高兴地一边唱歌一边跳舞。 Háizimen gāoxìng de yìbiān chànggē yìbiān tiàowǔ. The children happily sang while dancing.
• 我想找一个工作，一边工作一边学习。 Wǒ xiǎng zhǎo yìge gōngzuò, yìbiān gōngzuò yìbiān xuéxí. I want to find a job and study while working.

方式副词：互相、尽量、亲自、相互

Manner adverb · 方式副词(互相 (hùxiāng)/尽量 (jǐnliàng)/亲自 (qīnzì)/…)

方式副词：互相/尽量/亲自/…

• 大家要互相帮助。 Dàjiā yào hùxiāng bāngzhù. Everyone should help one another.
• 志愿者要尽量自己克服困难。 Zhìyuànzhě yào jǐnliàng zìjǐ kèfú kùnnan. Volunteers should try to overcome difficulties by themselves as much as possible.

情态副词：大概、恐怕

Modal adverb · 情态副词(大概 (dàgài)/恐怕 (kǒngpà))

情态副词：大概/恐怕

• 天这么阴，大概要下雨。 Tiān zhème yīn, dàgài yào xiàyǔ. The sky is so overcast — it will probably rain.
• 我头有点儿疼，恐怕是感冒了。 Wǒ tóu yǒudiǎnr téng, kǒngpà shì gǎnmào le. My head aches a little — I'm afraid I've caught a cold.
• 他大概已经回家了。 Tā dàgài yǐjīng huíjiā le. He has probably gone home already.
• 你们学校大概有多少留学生？ Nǐmen xuéxiào dàgài yǒu duōshǎo liúxuéshēng? About how many international students does your school have?

语气副词：白、并、当然、到底、反正、根本、果然、简直、绝对、难道、其实、千万、确实、只好、终于

Modal-particle adverb · 语气副词：白 (bái)、并 (bìng)、当然 (dāngrán)、到底、反正、根本、果然、简直、绝对、难道、其实、千万、确实、只好、终于

语气副词：白、并、当然、到底、反正、根本、果然、简直、绝对、难道、其实、千万、确实、只好、终于

• 老师不在办公室，我白去了。 Lǎoshī bùzài bàngōngshì, wǒ bái qù le. The teacher wasn't in the office — I went for nothing.
• 这次考试并没有他们说的那么简单。 Zhè cì kǎoshì bìng méiyǒu tāmen shuō de nàme jiǎndān. This exam wasn't as easy as they said.
• 我当然愿意帮助你。 Wǒ dāngrán yuànyì bāngzhù nǐ. Of course I'm willing to help you.
• 当然没问题，欢迎你参加。 Dāngrán méiwèntí, huānyíng nǐ cānjiā. Of course no problem — you're welcome to join.

由

Word class / preposition · 由 (yóu)

• 这路公交车由北京机场出发。 Zhè lù gōngjiāochē yóu běijīng jīchǎng chūfā. This bus line departs from Beijing airport.
• 我们由南门进入公园。 Wǒmen yóu nán mén jìnrù gōngyuán. We entered the park by the south gate.

自从

From · 自从 (zìcóng)

• 自从修了公路，这儿的交通就方便多了。 Zìcóng xiū le gōnglù, zhèr de jiāotōng jiù fāngbiàn duō le. Since the road was built, transport here has become much more convenient.
• 自从来到中国，他就喜欢上了中国菜。 Zìcóng láidào zhōngguó, tā jiù xǐhuan shàng le zhōngguócài. Since coming to China, he has fallen for Chinese food.

朝

Word class / preposition · 朝 (cháo)

• 大门朝南开。 Dàmén cháo nánkāi. The main gate faces south.
• 他朝左边看了一下儿。 Tā cháo zuǒbian kàn le yíxiàr. He glanced to the left for a moment.

为

Word class / preposition · 为 (wéi)

• 妈妈每天为我们做饭。 Māma měitiān wèi wǒmen zuòfàn. Mom cooks for us every day.
• 他为我买了一束花。 Tā wèi wǒ mǎi le yí shù huā. He bought me a bouquet of flowers.

向

Toward · 向 (xiàng)

• 我们要向班长学习。 Wǒmen yào xiàng bānzhǎng xuéxí. We should learn from the class monitor.
• 如果不能来上课，你要向老师请假。 Rúguǒ bùnéng lái shàngkè, nǐ yào xiàng lǎoshī qǐngjià. If you can't come to class, you must ask the teacher for leave.

由于、因为

Word class / preposition · 由于 (yóuyú)、因为 (yīnwèi)

• 由于各种原因，大家没有接受他的意见。 Yóuyú gèzhǒng yuányīn, dàjiā méiyǒu jiēshòu tā de yìjiàn. For various reasons, everyone did not accept his opinion.
• 他因为这件事一直不跟我说话。 Tā yīnwèi zhè jiàn shì yìzhí bù gēn wǒ shuōhuà. Because of this matter he hasn't spoken to me at all.

为了

Word class / preposition · 为了 (wèile)

• 妈妈为了健康坚持每天跑步。 Māma wèile jiànkāng jiānchí měitiān pǎobù. For her health, Mom keeps running every day.
• 他为了新工作不断学习新知识。 Tā wèile xīn gōngzuò bùduàn xuéxí xīn zhīshi. For the sake of his new job, he keeps learning new things.
• 为了身体健康，我们应该坚持锻炼。 Wèile shēntǐ jiànkāng, wǒmen yīnggāi jiānchí duànliàn. For the sake of our health, we should keep exercising.
• 妈妈经常为了工作睡得很晚。 Māma jīngcháng wèile gōngzuò shuì dehěn wǎn. Mom often goes to bed late for work.

引出目的、原因

把、被、叫、让

Word class / preposition · 把 (bǎ)、被 (bèi)、叫 (jiào)、让

• 我看见你把手机放在书包里了。 Wǒ kànjiàn nǐ bǎ shǒujī fàng zài shūbāo lǐ le. I saw you put your phone in the schoolbag.
• 裙子被我弄脏了。 Qúnzi bèi wǒ nòngzāng le. The skirt was dirtied by me.

除了

Word class / preposition · 除了 (chúle)

• 除了英文，他还会说中文。 Chúle yīngwén, tā hái huì shuō zhōngwén. Besides English, he can also speak Chinese.
• 除了他，我们都是留学生。 Chúle tā, wǒmen dōu shì liúxuéshēng. Except for him, we are all international students.

按、按照

Word class / preposition · 按 (àn)、按照 (ànzhào)

• 房租按天或者按月计算。 Fángzū àntiān huòzhě ànyuè jìsuàn. Rent is calculated by the day or by the month.
• 他们按照地图找到了全部东西，顺利完成了任务。 Tāmen ànzhào dìtú zhǎodào le quánbù dōngxī, shùnlì wánchéng le rènwu. Following the map, they found everything and completed the task smoothly.

连接分句或句子：并且、不光、不仅、另外、要是、因此、由于、只有

Word class / conjunction · 连接分句或句子：并且 (bìngqiě)、不光 (bùguāng)、不仅 (bùjǐn)、另外、要是、因此、由于、只有

• 这星期我很忙，要上课，要准备考试，另外，还要参加一些学校活动。 Zhè xīngqī wǒ hěn máng, yào shàngkè, yào zhǔnbèi kǎoshì, lìngwài, hái yào cānjiā yìxiē xuéxiào huódòng. I'm very busy this week: classes, exam prep, and besides, some school activities to attend.
• 这次晚会他们准备了很多吃的、喝的，另外，还准备了不少礼物。 Zhè cì wǎnhuì tāmen zhǔnbèi le hěn duō chīde, hē de, lìngwài, hái zhǔnbèi le bùshǎo lǐwù. For the party they prepared lots of food and drink — and quite a few presents besides.
• 只有大家一起想办法，才能解决这个问题。 Zhǐyǒu dàjiā yìqǐ xiǎng bànfǎ, cáinéng jiějué zhège wèntí. Only by putting our heads together can we solve this problem.
• 只要你想学，就一定能学好。 Zhǐyào nǐ xiǎng xué, jiù yídìng néng xuéhǎo. As long as you want to learn, you can surely learn it well.