Grammar Reference

序数表示法

Ordinal expression

• 我的房间在三楼。 Wǒ de fángjiān zài sān lóu. My room is on the third floor.
• 你可以坐304路公交车。 Nǐ kěyǐ zuò 304 lù gōngjiāochē. You can take bus No. 304.

概数表示法1

Approximate number expression

用“就”表示强调

Emphasis with 就 · 用 (yòng)“就 (jiù)”表示强调

• 教学楼就在前边。 Jiàoxuélóu jiù zài qiánbian. The teaching building is just ahead.
• 你看，这就是我们上课的教室。 Nǐ kàn, zhè jiùshì wǒmen shàngkè de jiàoshì. Look, this is the classroom where we have class.

用“好吗、可以吗、行吗、怎么样”提问

Question with 好吗、可以吗、行吗、怎么样 · 用 (yòng)“好吗、可以吗、行吗、怎么样 (zěnmeyàng)”提问 (tíwèn)

• 我们明天八点出发，好吗？ Wǒmen míngtiān bā diǎn chūfā, hǎo ma? Shall we set off at eight tomorrow?
• 你明天早点儿来，可以吗？ Nǐ míngtiān zǎodiǎnr lái, kěyǐ ma? Come a little earlier tomorrow, will you?

用 "什么时候、什么样、为什么、怎么样、怎样”提问

Question with 什么时候、什么样、为什么、怎么样、怎样 · 用 (yòng) "什么时候 (shénmeshíhou)、什么样 (shénmeyàng)、为什么、怎么样、怎样”提问

• 你们什么时候见面？ Nǐmen shénme shíhou jiànmiàn? When will you meet?
• 你喜欢什么样的朋友？ Nǐ xǐhuan shénmeyàng de péngyou? What kind of friends do you like?

用“呢”构成的省略式疑问句“代词/名词+呢？”提问

Question with 呢”构成的省略式疑问句“代词/名词+呢？ · 用 (yòng)“呢 (ne)”构成的省略式疑问句 (gōu)“代词/名词+呢？”提问

• 我去医院，你呢？ Wǒqù yíyuàn, nǐ ne? I'm going to the hospital — and you?
• 书在桌子上，笔呢？ Shū zài zhuōzi shàng, bǐ ne? The book is on the table. And where's the pen?

用“是不是”提问

Question with 是不是 · 用 (yòng)“是不是 (shìbushì)”提问 (tíwèn)

• 你要去体育馆打球，是不是？ Nǐ yào qù tǐyùguǎn dǎqiú, shìbushì? You're going to the gym to play ball, aren't you?
• 是不是你拿了我的笔？ Shìbushì nǐ ná le wǒ de bǐ? Was it you who took my pen?

用“吧”提问

Question with 吧 · 用 (yòng)“吧 (bā)”提问 (tíwèn)

• 您是经理吧？ Nín shì jīnglǐ ba? You're the manager, I take it?
• 你以前学过中文吧？ Nǐ yǐqián xué guò zhōngwén ba? You've studied Chinese before, haven't you?

该⋯⋯了

Colloquial pattern · 该 (gāi)⋯⋯了 (le)

• 十一点了，该睡觉了。 Shí yìdiǎn le, gāi shuìjiào le. It's eleven o'clock — time for bed.
• 明天有听写，我该复习生词了。 Míngtiān yǒu tīngxiě, wǒ gāi fùxí shēngcí le. There's a dictation tomorrow — I should review the new words.

要/快要/就要⋯⋯了

Colloquial pattern · 要 (yào)/快要 (kuàiyào)/就要 (jiùyào)⋯⋯了

• 要下雨了。 Yào xiàyǔ le. It's about to rain.
• 我们快要放假了。 Wǒmen kuàiyào fàngjià le. We are about to have a holiday.

一边…一边…（动作同时进行）

Other / format · 一边 (yìbiān)…一边 (yìbiān)…（动作同时进行）

• 他一边听音乐，一边干活儿。 Tā yìbiān tīng yīnyuè, yìbiān gànhuór. He listened to music while working.

第-、老-、小-

Morpheme / prefix · 第 (dì)-、老 (lǎo)-、小 (xiǎo)-

-儿、一家、-们、-头、-子

Morpheme / suffix · -儿 (ér)、一家 (yìjiā)、-们 (men)、-头、-子

能愿动词：敢

Modal verb · 能愿动词 (néngyuàndòngcí)(敢 (gǎn))

能愿动词：敢

• 这儿有两米高，你敢跳下去吗？ Zhèr yǒu liǎng mǐgāo, nǐ gǎn tiào xiàqù ma? It's two meters high here — do you dare jump?
• 我不敢在河里游泳。 Wǒ bù gǎn zài hé lǐ yóuyǒng. I don't dare swim in the river.
• 从这儿过去，大概需要多长时间？ Cóng zhèr guòqù, dàgài xūyào duō zhǎng shíjiān? Roughly how long does it take to get there from here?
• 医生说我感冒了，需要吃药。 Yìshēng shuō wǒ gǎnmào le, xūyào chīyào. The doctor says I have a cold and need to take medicine.

能愿动词：需要

Modal verb · 能愿动词 (néngyuàndòngcí)(需要 (xūyào))

能愿动词：需要

• 她生病了，需要休息。 Tā shēngbìng le, xūyào xiūxi. She is sick and needs rest.
• 我们不需要买吃的，家里有很多。 Wǒmen bù xūyào mǎi chīde, jiālǐ yǒu hěn duō. We don't need to buy food — there's plenty at home.
• 从这儿过去，大概需要多长时间？ Cóng zhèr guòqù, dàgài xūyào duō zhǎng shíjiān? Roughly how long does it take to get there from here?
• 医生说我感冒了，需要吃药。 Yìshēng shuō wǒ gǎnmào le, xūyào chīyào. The doctor says I have a cold and need to take medicine.

动宾式离合词：帮忙、点头、放假、干杯、见面、结婚、看病、睡觉、洗澡、理发、说话

Word class / verb · 动宾式离合词：帮忙 (bāngmáng)、点头 (diǎntóu)、放假 (fàngjià)、干杯、见面、结婚、看病、睡觉、洗澡、理发、说话

• 他经常帮我的忙。 Tā jīngcháng bāng wǒ de máng. He often helps me.
• 他点了一下儿头，表示同意。 Tā diǎn le yíxiàr tóu, biǎoshì tóngyì. He gave a slight nod to show his agreement.
• 我放了假就准备去旅游。 Wǒ fàng le jiǎ jiù zhǔnbèi qù lǚyóu. As soon as the holiday starts, I plan to go traveling.
• 我们已经很长时间没见过面了。 Wǒmen yǐjīng hěn zhǎng shíjiān méi jiàn guò miàn le. We haven't seen each other for a long time.

离合词

疑问代词的非疑问用法

Word class / pronoun · 疑问代词的非疑问用法 (yòngfǎ)

• 谁都喜欢她。 Shuí dōu xǐhuan tā. Everyone likes her.
• 我吃什么都行。 Wǒ chī shénme dōu xíng. I'll eat anything.
• 这次旅行谁都可以参加。 Zhè cì lǚxíng shuí dōu kěyǐ cānjiā. Anyone may join this trip.
• 我最近感冒了，哪儿都没去。 Wǒ zuìjìn gǎnmào le, nǎr dōu méi qù. I've had a cold lately and haven't gone anywhere.

疑问代词

指示代词：各、各位、各种、每、任何

Demonstrative pronoun · 指示代词 (zhǐshìdàicí)：各 (gè)、各位 (gèwèi)、各种、每、任何

指示代词：各、各位、各种、每、任何

• 我们班的同学来自世界各国。 Wǒmen bān de tóngxué láizì shìjiè gèguó. Our classmates come from countries all over the world.
• 各位朋友，下午好！ Gèwèi péngyou, xiàwǔhǎo! Good afternoon, friends!
• 除了北京，你还去过别的城市吗？ Chúle běijīng, nǐ hái qù guò biéde chéngshì ma? Besides Beijing, have you been to other cities?
• 我喜欢学习别的国家的语言和文化。 Wǒ xǐhuan xuéxí biéde guójiā de yǔyán hé wénhuà. I like learning other countries' languages and cultures.

名量词：把、行、架、群、束、双、台、张、支、只、种

Noun+classifier · 名量词 (míngliàngcí)：把 (bǎ)、行 (háng)、架、群、束、双、台、张、支、只、种

名量词：把、行、架、群、束、双、台、张、支、只、种

• 下雨了，记得带一把伞。 Xiàyǔ le, jìde dài yì bǎ sǎn. It's raining; remember to take an umbrella.
• 我在网上买了两双鞋。 Wǒ zài wǎngshàng mǎi le liǎng shuāng xié. I bought two pairs of shoes online.
• 桌子上放着几张照片。 Zhuōzi shàng fàng zhe jǐ zhāng zhàopiàn. A few photos are placed on the table.
• 这里有多少种水果？ Zhèlǐ yǒu duōshǎo zhǒng shuǐguǒ? How many kinds of fruit are there here?

动量词：顿、口、眼

Verb+classifier · 动量词 (dòngliàngcí)(顿 (dùn)/口 (kǒu)/眼)

动量词：顿/口/眼

• 他喝了一口茶，然后开始工作。 Tā hē le yìkǒu chá, ránhòu kāishǐ gōngzuò. He took a sip of tea, then started working.
• 我已经说过好几回了，但他还是不记得。 Wǒ yǐjīng shuō guò hǎojǐ huí le, dàn tā háishi bú jìde. I've told him several times already, yet he still doesn't remember.
• 对不起，我没听懂，请再说一遍。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ méi tīngdǒng, qǐng zàishuō yíbiàn. Sorry, I didn't understand — please say it again.
• 她跟我说了一声“谢谢”就走了。 Tā gēn wǒ shuō le yìshēng xièxie jiù zǒu le. She said "thank you" to me and left.